Coherer for wireless-telegraph systems.



G. WALKER. GOHERER FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 5, 1909.

Patented Aug. 23,1910

2 8HBET8-8HEET 1.

, a c. WALKER. GOHERER FOB WIRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS. APPLICATION FILED MAYB,1909.= 968,007. Patented Aug. 23,1910.

2 Exams-slum a.

m zesz fe s' fizyizior' Q ad/y (yaw/60% Z156 v UNITED; sTATEs PATENT. ore-ion.

cnn'nnns wnLnEn, or KNOXVILLE, 'rnnnnssnn:

- egraph Systems; of

' primarily to provide an improved cohererx y vbetweenthern may bemaintained constantat' all times, lrrespectiveof varying tern-pen 'atures'." Y

connnnn. non. wiaELEss-TnLEenArH SYSTEMS.

To all whom it may concern. I r Be it known that I; CHARLES WALKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Knoxville, in the county of Knox and State of Tennessee, have invented new and useful Improvements in Coherers for Wireless-Tel-- whichfthe following a spec1ficat1on. i

My present invention relates to improve ments in coherers or receivers for 'wireless' telegraph-systems, and. it has for its object of this class whereby the terminals or electrodes and also tween them may be maintained infla vacuum although adjustment may' be made between the terminals from a' point exterior'ly of the tube containing them without admitti'ngair to the tube that would destroy the vacuum.

Another object, of the invention is to provide a cohereror receiver which is capable] of compensating automatically .for temperature Variations whereby they distance be-. tween the terminalsorclectrod'es and conse-- quently the conductivitypf the substance [A' further.object iof the invention is to provide a coherer or receiver with means for adjusting itmagnetically' or by'means .of magnetic meanslocated exteriorly of the coherer tube,.sueh an arrangement enabling, one orboth of the-terminals to, be adjusted without admitting air tot-he tube which maintained therein. a i

To these and other ends, the invention consists in certain improvements, and combinations' and arrangements of parts, 511 as wouldotherwise destroy the vacuum to be will be hereinafter morefully'described, thenovel features being pointed out particuthe claims at the end of the specifi cat1on-.' '1 i a In the accompanying,drawinga-Figrire 1 represents a longitudinal section of a.

coherer or receiver constructed in accord ance with my present invention Fig. 2 rep resentsan end View of'the coherer as illustrated in Fig. 1, the same being viewed from "the right; 3 re resents a longitudinal section of-another I embod es means for compensatmg for temperature variations to maintaln the disam. oi cohener' which tance between the electrodes-the electromagnetic adjusting means, however in this 7 the conducting substancebe- Specification of Letters Patent. Patent-ed Aug, 23, 1910 Application filed ma 5, 1909. ,Scria1 He. was.

"substituted; and Fig. 4 represents a transverse section of the cohereras illustrated in Fig. '3, the section being takenon the line "4+4 of said figure. I y

- Similar parts are designated by the same reference 'charactersin the several views. The essential obJects of the lnvention are to provide a coherer or receiver of the type used in wirelesstelegraphy wherein the results hereinbefore stated maybe obtained.

In. the accompanying drawing, I have shown two forms oftheinvention, but it "will be understood that these forms are the circumstafncesfin each particular case.

.In that .form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the coherer or receiver comprises" a tube that is: preferablyso constructed that a vacuum may be maintained therein and the co-eflicient of expansion thereof equals that of the rods carrying the electrodes so that temperature variations will not "alter the distance between the terminals with the result that a constant resistanoe of the substance between the terminals may be maintained. In the present instance, I have shown the tube as composed applied to the best advantage according to i of a section 1. which may be of copper for ,instance,a second section 2 which may be composed of glass the end of which is closed and contains a rod 3 which carries one of the terminals or electrodes 4,'the rod 3 being hermetically sealed .in the end of this (tube section 2, and'a coupling section 5 is preferably platinum sleeved over the ends to these tube sections as to prevent the e of the sections 1 and 2, and it'is so joined entrance of air. whereby a vacuum may be I maintained within the tube. The second terminalorfel'ectrode Gwhich is opposed to the electrode 4 is carried by a rod 7 which extends toward the outer end of thetube section' lat which point it isthreaded and I tightly-fittedv over the tube i so as to pro .vi-de an-air-tight joint, and this chamber may composed of glass or transparent material in order that the operating parts contained in this chamber may be visible. In this form of the invention, magnetic means is provided for adjusting the distance *between the terminals or electrodes, a suitable substance 10, such as metallic fil-. ings, carbon, or other suitable material being contained between these electrodes or terminals, the conductivity of which varies according to the distance between the terminals. an armature .is connected to the rod 7 carrying the electrode 6, this armature consisting' in the present instance of a crossarm 11 which is fixed to the end of the said rod and it carries in this. instance a palr of pole-pieces .12- which are ca tating within the chamberQ. neor more of thesepole-pieces may be used although a pair of them is generally preferable and, I

' be com-.

moreover, these pole-pieces may posed vof. either magnetic ordia-magnetic material, either magnetized or otherwise.

In' the present instance, I have shown a construction wherein pole-pieces of iron may be used.-- Owing to the threaded connection between the rod 7 and the nut or plug fixed to the tube section 1, a rotation of the arm'ature within the chamber containing itwill,

obviously, vary the distance between the twoterminals or electrodes, and in the pres.

ent construction all of the operating parts for-the adjustableelectrode are contained within the hermetically sealed tube and the chamber connected thereto.

I An adjustment of the distance between the terminals or electrodes may be readily obtained by placing one or more magnets in roximity .to the exterior of the chamber. 9 1n such'a position as to influence the. armature'and', by producing a relative rotary movement between the magnet and" the chamber 9, obviously, the armature under the influence of the'exteriorly located magnet will be caused to rotate with respect to the by a bracket 15 which in turn is carried by a sleeve or support 16, the latter being rotatable with respect to the tube containing the electrodes and, moreover,'this sleeve may be rotatably mounted upon a convenient support. In such, a construction, the two magnets influence the -armature in such a way as to give it a tendency-to occupy a position lengthwise between the magnets 5 and, by rotating the magnets relatively to In the presence instance,

able of ro-.

chamber 9, and a pawl the tube, the desired adjustment may be readily made. Obviously, the tube may be stationary and the magnets rotatable with respect thereto, the magnets -may be stationary and the tube rotatable with respect thereto, or both the magnets and the tube may be rotatable, it being necessary. only to provide a relative adjustment between these arts. p If desired, a suitably calibrated scale 17 may be provided on an appropriate part of the chamber-9, this scale being different adjustments that may be provided cotiperative j with an appropriate mark or part of the armature, this scale serving to indicate the forth'e electrodes whereby the coherer on},

Suitable means may also be provided "for retaining'the electrodes in the diflt'erent ad-. .justed positions, a suitably toothed rack 18 being provided in the present instance which may be located around the interior of the v 19 is pivoted to .a part of the armature and may be provided with a spring 20 for yieldingly holding one of its, ends m'engagement its ends being provided in, the present inreceiver may be instantly set according to the difl'erent current strengths or distances through which the messages are to travel.

with the rack. This pawl is also preferably provided with 'nieans for magnetically releasing it, one of stance with an armature"- 21 with which a magnet placed exteriorly of the chamber 9 may cotiperate,

the attraction between this l armature on the pawland the exterior mag net servin to hold the pawl in released position whi e the armature is turnedso as to appropriately adjust the electrodes or terminals. By removing the magnet from the influence of the armature on the pawl, the

latter may automaticallymove into locking position with the rack, the terminals or elec I trodes being adjusted position.

In that form of the invention shown in thereby retained in the desired Figs. 3 and 4, I have illustrated amodified 1 construction wherein the magnetic adjusting means for the terminals is omitted. and a screw adjustment substituted and, moreover, T

the tube. containing the terminals or, elec;-.

trodes is of a different construction. In this.

form of the invention, the tube 22 may be composed (if. glass .or other ap terial one end of which is pre erablyclosed and has a screw 23'p1'0jecting axially therefrom. 'The terminals or electrodes 24 and ropriate ma- 25 are contained within,thisgtube, the ter- 9 minal 24 being connected to a stem or rod 26 which is preferably fastened rigidly in the closed end of thetube, while the rod 27,for the electrode or terminal 25 projects from the opposite or open end of the tube, a suit-- able substance 28, of metallic .filings or fearbon, for instance, being interposed between. I the two terminals or electrodes. To the open.

end of the tube is connected a relatively enlarged chamber 29. one wall 30 of which is preferably flexible or elastic and has a hermetic joint with the tube, while the op-'.

posite or rear wall 31 of this chamber is substantially rigid and the terminal rod 27 'is fixed thereto. A pair of thermally-influence'd connecting members 32 join. the relatively rigid wall '31 of the, chamber :29 and a cross member 33, the screw 23 passing loosely through this cross member and such screw is provided withaipair of milled or knurled heads 34 and 35 which are threaded on the 'screw and bear upon the 0 posite SIdGS of the cross member, By turmng'the heads 34 and 35 in the appropriate direction,

the distance between the electrodes may be varied, these heads'acting-tomove'the tube 22 axially with respect to the frame which is; made upof the cross member,the rear wall Y of the enlarged chamber, andthe thermallyinfluenced connecting members, and such an axial movement of the tube W1l3l1 respect to tions.

l l or receiver is provided wherein the terminals or electrodes and the substance between them enterthe tubes and these parts is permitted by virtue of the flexibility or elasticity of the wall 30 to which the tube is connected, and by tightening these milled heads 34 and 35 against the opposite sides of. the cross member, the desired adjustment may be maintained; The cO-ef- .ficient of expansion of the members 32- equals that of the eleme'ntsof the tube and the electrodes contained therein so that such parts will expand or contract equally and therebymaintain a constant distance between the terminals, lrrespectlve of temperature varia- In both forms of the invention, the wires which connect the terminals or. electrodes with the receiving station circuits are so" arranged that air from the atmosphere cannot um therein. 1 I

In'both forms of the invention, a'coherer may be maintained in cacao, although means is provided for efiecting a relative adjust,- ment between the terminals, and in both constructions shown, an enlargement is -.provided toward one end of thetube. .Both constructions also provide a' coherer or receiverwherein the distance between the ter minals or electrodes is maintained, notwithstanding temperaturevariations. I

I claim as my invention;

1. A. coherer or receiver comprising a tube, 1

terminals or electrodes hermetically. inclosed therein, and .a screw adjustment connectlng the terminals, a part of said adjustment being capable of manipulation from'theexterior of the tube and a. magnetically controlled device'for maintaining such adjustments.

2. A coherer or receiver'comprising a hermetically sealed tube, terminals or electrodes thereby destroy .the'vacu net placed exteriorlyof the tube.

. inclosed therein, magnetic means for effecting relative adjustments between said termi- 3 nals, and a pawl attached to' one of said terminals and cooperative with a rack for maintaining. such adj ustments, said pawl be- :ing accessible for mampulatlon'from the ex- 'nals or electrodes and-a tube inclosing them,

one of said terminals being connected direct-lyto' the tube and thermally-influenced means connecting another of said terminals to the tube and capable of maintaining a predetermined adjustment of-the terminals irrespective of temperature variations.

5'.' A coherer or receiver comprising-a tube,

terminals contained therein and capable of j a relative ad ustment, magnetic means. for.

effecting a, relative adjustment of the termi nals, and a locking device. cotiperative ,di-

rectly with one of said terminals for maintaining such an ad ustment.

6. A cohereror receiver comprising a tube,"

electrodes hermetically inclosed therein, magnetic means for effecting a relative adjustment between the electrodes, and a lock-- ing device accessible'for manipulation from the exterior of said tube and cooperative directly with onset said electrodes for main-, 7 .taining predetermined relative adjustments:

between the electrodes.

7. A coherer orreceiver comprising-a tube,

terminals or electrodes hermetically inclo'sed of saidtube for efiecting a relative adjust-f therein, magnetic means located exteriorly ment of theterminals and a magnetically controlled device justment.. V

terminals or electrodes contained. therein,

for maintaining such ad- 8. A coherer or receiver comprising a tube,

one of said terminals' being' adjustable rela-; tively to'the other, an armature connected Q to one of said terminals and hermetically sealed from-the atmosphere, a magnetically controlled device for maintaining predetermined adjustments of said, terminals, said armature being rotatable relatively to said tube and subject to the influence of'ama'g- -9. A coherer or receiver comprlsing a .tube, terminals or electrodes inclosed therein and capable of relative adjustment, 'arelativelyf enlarged chamber connected to the tube'and. sealed 'from the atmosphere, an armature connectedv to one of the terminals'and. inclosed in said chamber,'-a-magnet arranged exteriorlyyof said chamber? and adapted to influence said armature to effect-a. relative.

adjustment between 'the terminals and a Y magnetically controlled device for maintain-' ing predetermined relative adjustments of said terminals.

10. A coherer or 'rec'eiver comprising a tube, terminals inclosed therein andhaving means for effecting a relative adjustment, arotatable-armature connected to one of the terminals, a magnetically controlleddevice for locking said armature in predetermined positions, and a magnet cooperative with the 1 armature, said magnet and tively rotatable. v v

ver comprising a tube being rela- 11. A coherer or recei tube, terminals contained therein and ca able of a relative adjustment, a rotata le armature connected to one of the terminals,

a device cooperative directlywith said arma tureifor retaining the armature in 'difi'erent adjusted positions, and a magnet cooperative with the armature for turning it and thereby eflecting a relative adjustment be- I tween the terminals.

12. A coherer or receiver comprising a tube, a pair of terminals located therein and adapted to contain a conductingmedium between them, a relatively enlarged chamber connected to one end of said tube, said tubeand chamber being hermetically sealed, an armature connected to one of the terminals and movable within said chamber, a device directlycooperative with said armature for retaining the latter. in different adjustable positions, and a magnet located exteriorly of said chamber and operative to efieot movement of said armature.

13. A coherer or receiver comprising a tube, electrodes inclosed therein and capaconnected to one of said termina s, and a, .locklng devlce for retalnmg the armature in different adjusted positions, said locking part having a medium thereon subject to magnetic mfluence whereby it may -be operated.

15. A coherer or receiver comprising a tube closed at 'one end, electrodes contained within said tube, a relatively enlarged chamber hermetically closing the opposlte end of said tube, means located exteriorly of said tube for ,relatively adjusting said electrodes and means cooperative directly with one 0 said electrodes for -maintaining predetermined adjustments of said electrodes, said means being accessible for manipulation from the exterior of the tube.

In testimony whereof I have IIGSSBS.

CHARLES WALKER,

Witnesses M. A. PARKER, HARMON O. AoUFF.

hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- 

